219 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
219 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: How to install Arch Linux
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tags:
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- linux
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- tutorial
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date: 2018-03-15 17:21:22
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---
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Today I’m going to instruct you through the steps of installing your own Arch Linux system.
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## Download the ISO
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You can find the [downloads for Arch Linux by clicking here](https://www.archlinux.org/download/).
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## 1. Partition the drive
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Determine your drive name by running `lsblk`. Run the following command to start the partitioning (with `/dev/sda` replaced by your drive):
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```
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# fdisk /dev/sda
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```
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1. Enter `n` to create a new partition.
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2. Press Enter on the following prompts to accept the defaults.
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3. Enter `w` to write your changes to the disk.
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## 2. Create the File System and mount it
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Next, you need to create a filesystem on the partition that you’ve made. After you’ve created the filesystem, you can mount it.
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```
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# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
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# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda1 /mnt
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```
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## 3. Install Arch Linux system
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This is maybe the most important step in the progress. This is the step where you are actually installing the system. For that, you need to run `pacstrap` followed by the packages you want to install. In this case, we’ll install `base` and `grub` for the bootloader.
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```
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# pacstrap -i /mnt base grub
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```
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## 4. Generate File System Tab
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The file `fstab` contains descriptive information about the filesystems the system can mount.
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```
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# genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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```
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## 5. Enter the system via `chroot`
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Now, we’re ready to set up the system by going inside it. For this, we’ll be running `arch-chroot`. **Do NOT reboot at this stage!**
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```
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# arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
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```
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## 6. Setting up locales
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Locales are basically the language files your system will be using.
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```
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# nano /etc/locale.gen
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Uncomment line en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
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Uncomment line en_US ISO-8859-1
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(uncomment by removing the `#` in front)
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```
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After that, you have to generate the locale files.
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```
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# locale-gen
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```
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And then put them into effect on the system.
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```
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# echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
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# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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```
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## 7. Setting the timezone
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All timezone files can be found in `/usr/share/zoneinfo/`. You need to create a link to `/etc/localtime` with the timezone you want.
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```
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# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/LOCATION/CITY /etc/localtime
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```
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## 8. Set the hardware clock
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This command sets the hardware clock from system time. `--utc` implies that your hardware clock is in the UTC timezone. More information [here](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Time#Hardware_clock)
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```
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# hwclock --systohc --utc
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```
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## 9. Set your system’s hostname
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This can be anything you want.
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```
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# echo "my-computer" > /etc/hostname
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```
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## 10. Set up simple networking
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Before you do the following, please run `ip a` to determine your interface. It’s generally called `eth0`, but it may be different on some machines.
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1. Copy the example
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```
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# cp /etc/netctl/examples/ethernet-dhcp /etc/netctl/my_network
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```
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2. Modify the interface name
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```
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# nano /etc/netctl/my_network
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Replace the "Interface=eth0" line with the one shown by the "ip a" command.
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```
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3. Enable the network
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```
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# netctl enable my_network
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```
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##
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Setting a password on your root user is highly recommended. You can do that now by running `passwd`
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##
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You can find information on how to install GRUB on various systems on the [Arch Linux Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB). The following is a simple installation on a system with a **BIOS** (not **UEFI**). You can find more boot loaders [here](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Category:Boot_loaders).
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```
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# grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
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# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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```
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## 13. Reboot the machine
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You are now ready to boot into your new system.
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```
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# exit
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# umount /mnt
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# shutdown
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```
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After shutting down, remove the disk image and boot the system again. **You can now use your newly installed system!**
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# More things to do
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## Creating an user account
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The first user you create should also be added to the `wheel` group. This will be kind of like an administrator.
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```
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# useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash usernamehere
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# passwd usernamehere
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```
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For creating other users, you should omit the `-G wheel` part unless you want them to be able to use `sudo`.
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### Enabling `sudo`
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1. Install sudo - `# pacman -S sudo`
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2. Create a file in `/etc/sudoers.d/99-wheel` with the following lines:
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```
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%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
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```
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If you want the `wheel` group to be able to use sudo without password, you can replace the last `ALL` with `NOPASSWD: ALL`.
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## Installing a Desktop Environment
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Firstly, you should install `xorg` packages.
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```
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# pacman -S xorg-server xorg-xinit xorg-server-utils mesa xterm
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```
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For graphics drivers, you can look at the wiki: [Intel](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Intel_graphics), [ATI](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ATI), [AMD](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AMDGPU) and [NVIDIA](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/NVIDIA).
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**You can find packages for various desktop environments [here](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Desktop_environment).**
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### Install `lightdm`
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Some desktop environments don’t have a system to log you in to a session. This is where `lightdm` comes to play.
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```
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# pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
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# systemctl enable lightdm.service
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```
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You can find lightdm configuration at `/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf`.
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After you’ve installed what you want, you can reboot the system and it should either load up the desktop environment or the `lightdm-gtk-greeter`, which will allow you to select a desktop environment to log in to.
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## Keeping your system up-to-date
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You should keep your system up-to-date to get the latest packages and security patches. Arch Linux is a **rolling release** distribution, meaning that you don’t have to reinstall the entire system and package updates are rolled separately instead of in bundles.
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```
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# pacman -Syu
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```
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This command synchronizes your system with the latest repositories and installs all available updates.
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# That’s it!
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This should be your basic Arch Linux system ready to go! Always remember that the [Arch Linux Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/) is a great place to find help for all things Linux, not just Arch!
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