diff --git a/assets/opensb/rendering/default.config b/assets/opensb/rendering/default.config
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e51afc..0000000
--- a/assets/opensb/rendering/default.config
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "effectParameters" : {},
-  "effectTextures" : {},
-
-  "effectShaders" : {
-    "vertex" : "default.vert",
-    "fragment" : "default.frag"
-  }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/interface.config b/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/interface.config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4860d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/interface.config
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "blitFrameBuffer" : "world",
+
+  "effectParameters" : {},
+  "effectTextures" : {},
+
+  "effectShaders" : {
+    "vertex" : "interface.vert",
+    "fragment" : "interface.frag"
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/assets/opensb/rendering/default.frag b/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/interface.frag
similarity index 100%
rename from assets/opensb/rendering/default.frag
rename to assets/opensb/rendering/effects/interface.frag
diff --git a/assets/opensb/rendering/default.vert b/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/interface.vert
similarity index 100%
rename from assets/opensb/rendering/default.vert
rename to assets/opensb/rendering/effects/interface.vert
diff --git a/assets/opensb/rendering/world.config b/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/world.config
similarity index 97%
rename from assets/opensb/rendering/world.config
rename to assets/opensb/rendering/effects/world.config
index 3ad0d88..188b727 100644
--- a/assets/opensb/rendering/world.config
+++ b/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/world.config
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 {
+  "frameBuffer" : "world",
+
   "effectParameters" : {
     "lightMapEnabled" : {
       "type" : "bool",
diff --git a/assets/opensb/rendering/world.frag b/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/world.frag
similarity index 100%
rename from assets/opensb/rendering/world.frag
rename to assets/opensb/rendering/effects/world.frag
diff --git a/assets/opensb/rendering/world.vert b/assets/opensb/rendering/effects/world.vert
similarity index 100%
rename from assets/opensb/rendering/world.vert
rename to assets/opensb/rendering/effects/world.vert
diff --git a/assets/opensb/rendering/opengl20.config.patch b/assets/opensb/rendering/opengl20.config.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d85c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/assets/opensb/rendering/opengl20.config.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "frameBuffers" : {
+    "world" : {}
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/application/StarRenderer.hpp b/source/application/StarRenderer.hpp
index 58c1c27..ad44c5c 100644
--- a/source/application/StarRenderer.hpp
+++ b/source/application/StarRenderer.hpp
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ public:
   virtual String rendererId() const = 0;
   virtual Vec2U screenSize() const = 0;
 
+  virtual void loadConfig(Json const& config) = 0;
+
   // The actual shaders used by this renderer will be in a default no effects
   // state when constructed, but can be overridden here.  This config will be
   // specific to each type of renderer, so it will be necessary to key the
diff --git a/source/application/StarRenderer_opengl20.cpp b/source/application/StarRenderer_opengl20.cpp
index b54361e..f85f0e8 100644
--- a/source/application/StarRenderer_opengl20.cpp
+++ b/source/application/StarRenderer_opengl20.cpp
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ OpenGl20Renderer::~OpenGl20Renderer() {
   for (auto& effect : m_effects)
     glDeleteProgram(effect.second.program);
 
+  m_frameBuffers.clear();
   logGlErrorSummary("OpenGL errors during shutdown");
 }
 
@@ -116,6 +117,38 @@ Vec2U OpenGl20Renderer::screenSize() const {
   return m_screenSize;
 }
 
+OpenGl20Renderer::GlFrameBuffer::GlFrameBuffer(Json const& fbConfig) : config(fbConfig) {
+  texture = createGlTexture(Image(), TextureAddressing::Clamp, TextureFiltering::Nearest);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->glTextureId());
+
+  Vec2U size = jsonToVec2U(config.getArray("size", { 256, 256 }));
+  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, size[0] , size[1], 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
+
+  glGenFramebuffers(1, &id);
+  if (!id)
+    throw RendererException("Failed to create OpenGL framebuffer");
+
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, id);
+  glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->glTextureId(), 0);
+
+  auto framebufferStatus = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
+  if (framebufferStatus != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
+    throw RendererException("OpenGL framebuffer is not complete!");
+}
+
+
+OpenGl20Renderer::GlFrameBuffer::~GlFrameBuffer() {
+  glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &id);
+  texture.reset();
+}
+
+void OpenGl20Renderer::loadConfig(Json const& config) {
+  m_frameBuffers.clear();
+
+  for (auto& pair : config.getObject("frameBuffers", {}))
+    m_frameBuffers[pair.first] = make_ref<GlFrameBuffer>(pair.second);
+}
+
 void OpenGl20Renderer::loadEffectConfig(String const& name, Json const& effectConfig, StringMap<String> const& shaders) {
   if (m_effects.contains(name)) {
     Logger::warn("OpenGL effect {} already exists", name);
@@ -303,6 +336,18 @@ bool OpenGl20Renderer::switchEffectConfig(String const& name) {
     return false;
 
   Effect& effect = find->second;
+  if (m_currentEffect == &effect)
+    return true;
+
+  if (auto blitFrameBufferId = effect.config.optString("blitFrameBuffer"))
+    blitGlFrameBuffer(getGlFrameBuffer(*blitFrameBufferId));
+
+  if (auto frameBufferId = effect.config.optString("frameBuffer"))
+    switchGlFrameBuffer(getGlFrameBuffer(*frameBufferId));
+  else {
+    m_currentFrameBuffer.reset();
+    glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+  }
 
   glUseProgram(m_program = effect.program);
   setupGlUniforms(effect);
@@ -387,11 +432,24 @@ void OpenGl20Renderer::setScreenSize(Vec2U screenSize) {
   m_screenSize = screenSize;
   glViewport(0, 0, m_screenSize[0], m_screenSize[1]);
   glUniform2f(m_screenSizeUniform, m_screenSize[0], m_screenSize[1]);
+
+  for (auto& frameBuffer : m_frameBuffers) {
+    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, frameBuffer.second->texture->glTextureId());
+    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, m_screenSize[0], m_screenSize[1], 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
+  }
 }
 
 void OpenGl20Renderer::startFrame() {
   if (m_scissorRect)
     glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
+  
+  for (auto& frameBuffer : m_frameBuffers) {
+    glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBuffer.second->id);
+    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+    frameBuffer.second->blitted = false;
+  }
+
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
 
   glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 
@@ -417,6 +475,9 @@ void OpenGl20Renderer::finishFrame() {
         return false;
       });
 
+  // Blit if another shader hasn't
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+
   if (DebugEnabled)
     logGlErrorSummary("OpenGL errors this frame");
 }
@@ -456,17 +517,20 @@ void OpenGl20Renderer::GlTextureAtlasSet::copyAtlasPixels(
   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, glTexture);
 
   glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
-  if (image.pixelFormat() == PixelFormat::RGB24) {
-    glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bottomLeft[0], bottomLeft[1], image.width(), image.height(), GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data());
-  } else if (image.pixelFormat() == PixelFormat::RGBA32) {
-    glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bottomLeft[0], bottomLeft[1], image.width(), image.height(), GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data());
-  } else if (image.pixelFormat() == PixelFormat::BGR24) {
-    glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bottomLeft[0], bottomLeft[1], image.width(), image.height(), GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data());
-  } else if (image.pixelFormat() == PixelFormat::BGRA32) {
-    glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bottomLeft[0], bottomLeft[1], image.width(), image.height(), GL_BGRA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data());
-  } else {
+  GLenum format;
+  auto pixelFormat = image.pixelFormat();
+  if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGB24)
+    format = GL_RGB;
+  else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGBA32)
+    format = GL_RGBA;
+  else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::BGR24)
+    format = GL_BGR;
+  else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::BGRA32)
+    format = GL_BGRA;
+  else
     throw RendererException("Unsupported texture format in OpenGL20Renderer::TextureGroup::copyAtlasPixels");
-  }
+
+  glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bottomLeft[0], bottomLeft[1], image.width(), image.height(), format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data());
 }
 
 OpenGl20Renderer::GlTextureGroup::GlTextureGroup(unsigned atlasNumCells)
@@ -608,7 +672,7 @@ void OpenGl20Renderer::GlRenderBuffer::set(List<RenderPrimitive>& primitives) {
         glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, accumulationBuffer.size(), accumulationBuffer.ptr(), GL_STREAM_DRAW);
       }
 
-      vertexBuffers.append(vb);
+      vertexBuffers.emplace_back(move(vb));
 
       currentTextures.clear();
       currentTextureSizes.clear();
@@ -654,9 +718,10 @@ void OpenGl20Renderer::GlRenderBuffer::set(List<RenderPrimitive>& primitives) {
     ++currentVertexCount;
   };
 
+  float textureIndex = 0.0f;
+  Vec2F textureOffset = {};
+  Texture* lastTexture = nullptr;
   for (auto& primitive : primitives) {
-    float textureIndex;
-    Vec2F textureOffset;
     if (auto tri = primitive.ptr<RenderTriangle>()) {
       tie(textureIndex, textureOffset) = addCurrentTexture(move(tri->texture));
 
@@ -678,6 +743,7 @@ void OpenGl20Renderer::GlRenderBuffer::set(List<RenderPrimitive>& primitives) {
     } else if (auto poly = primitive.ptr<RenderPoly>()) {
       if (poly->vertexes.size() > 2) {
         tie(textureIndex, textureOffset) = addCurrentTexture(move(poly->texture));
+
         for (size_t i = 1; i < poly->vertexes.size() - 1; ++i) {
           appendBufferVertex(poly->vertexes[0], textureIndex, textureOffset);
           appendBufferVertex(poly->vertexes[i], textureIndex, textureOffset);
@@ -723,17 +789,20 @@ bool OpenGl20Renderer::logGlErrorSummary(String prefix) {
 
 void OpenGl20Renderer::uploadTextureImage(PixelFormat pixelFormat, Vec2U size, uint8_t const* data) {
   glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
-  if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGB24) {
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, size[0], size[1], 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-  } else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGBA32) {
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, size[0], size[1], 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-  } else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::BGR24) {
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_BGR, size[0], size[1], 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-  } else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::BGRA32) {
-    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_BGRA, size[0], size[1], 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
-  } else {
-    starAssert(false);
-  }
+
+  GLenum format;
+  if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGB24)
+    format = GL_RGB;
+  else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGBA32)
+    format = GL_RGBA;
+  else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::BGR24)
+    format = GL_BGR;
+  else if (pixelFormat == PixelFormat::BGRA32)
+    format = GL_BGRA;
+  else
+    throw RendererException("Unsupported texture format in OpenGL20Renderer::uploadTextureImage");
+
+  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, size[0], size[1], 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
 }
 
 void OpenGl20Renderer::flushImmediatePrimitives() {
@@ -752,9 +821,6 @@ auto OpenGl20Renderer::createGlTexture(Image const& image, TextureAddressing add
   glLoneTexture->textureAddressing = addressing;
   glLoneTexture->textureSize = image.size();
 
-  if (image.empty())
-    return glLoneTexture;
-
   glGenTextures(1, &glLoneTexture->textureId);
   if (glLoneTexture->textureId == 0)
     throw RendererException("Could not generate texture in OpenGL20Renderer::createGlTexture");
@@ -777,7 +843,9 @@ auto OpenGl20Renderer::createGlTexture(Image const& image, TextureAddressing add
     glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
   }
 
-  uploadTextureImage(image.pixelFormat(), image.size(), image.data());
+
+  if (!image.empty())
+    uploadTextureImage(image.pixelFormat(), image.size(), image.data());
 
   return glLoneTexture;
 }
@@ -852,6 +920,37 @@ void OpenGl20Renderer::setupGlUniforms(Effect& effect) {
   glUniform2f(m_screenSizeUniform, m_screenSize[0], m_screenSize[1]);
 }
 
+RefPtr<OpenGl20Renderer::GlFrameBuffer> OpenGl20Renderer::getGlFrameBuffer(String const& id) {
+  if (auto ptr = m_frameBuffers.ptr(id))
+    return *ptr;
+  else
+    throw RendererException::format("Frame buffer '{}' does not exist", id);
+}
+
+void OpenGl20Renderer::blitGlFrameBuffer(RefPtr<GlFrameBuffer> const& frameBuffer) {
+  if (frameBuffer->blitted)
+    return;
+
+  auto& size = m_screenSize;
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBuffer->id);
+  glBlitFramebuffer(
+    0, 0, size[0], size[1],
+    0, 0, size[0], size[1],
+    GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT, GL_NEAREST
+  );
+
+  frameBuffer->blitted = true;
+}
+
+void OpenGl20Renderer::switchGlFrameBuffer(RefPtr<GlFrameBuffer> const& frameBuffer) {
+  if (m_currentFrameBuffer == frameBuffer)
+    return;
+
+  glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBuffer->id);
+  m_currentFrameBuffer = frameBuffer;
+}
+
 GLuint OpenGl20Renderer::Effect::getAttribute(String const& name) {
   auto find = attributes.find(name);
   if (find == attributes.end()) {
diff --git a/source/application/StarRenderer_opengl20.hpp b/source/application/StarRenderer_opengl20.hpp
index 598f803..4d917d5 100644
--- a/source/application/StarRenderer_opengl20.hpp
+++ b/source/application/StarRenderer_opengl20.hpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ namespace Star {
 
 STAR_CLASS(OpenGl20Renderer);
 
+constexpr size_t FrameBufferCount = 1;
+
 // OpenGL 2.0 implementation of Renderer.  OpenGL context must be created and
 // active during construction, destruction, and all method calls.
 class OpenGl20Renderer : public Renderer {
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ public:
   String rendererId() const override;
   Vec2U screenSize() const override;
 
+  void loadConfig(Json const& config) override;
   void loadEffectConfig(String const& name, Json const& effectConfig, StringMap<String> const& shaders) override;
 
   void setEffectParameter(String const& parameterName, RenderEffectParameter const& parameter) override;
@@ -145,22 +148,33 @@ private:
 
   struct EffectParameter {
     GLint parameterUniform = -1;
-    VariantTypeIndex parameterType;
+    VariantTypeIndex parameterType = 0;
     Maybe<RenderEffectParameter> parameterValue;
   };
 
   struct EffectTexture {
     GLint textureUniform = -1;
-    unsigned textureUnit;
+    unsigned textureUnit = 0;
     TextureAddressing textureAddressing = TextureAddressing::Clamp;
     TextureFiltering textureFiltering = TextureFiltering::Linear;
     GLint textureSizeUniform = -1;
     RefPtr<GlLoneTexture> textureValue;
   };
+  
+  struct GlFrameBuffer : RefCounter {
+    GLuint id = 0;
+    RefPtr<GlLoneTexture> texture;
+
+    Json config;
+    bool blitted = false;
+
+    GlFrameBuffer(Json const& config);
+    ~GlFrameBuffer();
+  };
 
   class Effect {
   public:
-    GLuint program;
+    GLuint program = 0;
     Json config;
     StringMap<EffectParameter> parameters;
     StringMap<EffectTexture> textures;
@@ -185,6 +199,10 @@ private:
 
   void setupGlUniforms(Effect& effect);
 
+  RefPtr<OpenGl20Renderer::GlFrameBuffer> getGlFrameBuffer(String const& id);
+  void blitGlFrameBuffer(RefPtr<OpenGl20Renderer::GlFrameBuffer> const& frameBuffer);
+  void switchGlFrameBuffer(RefPtr<OpenGl20Renderer::GlFrameBuffer> const& frameBuffer);
+
   Vec2U m_screenSize;
 
   GLuint m_program = 0;
@@ -203,6 +221,9 @@ private:
   StringMap<Effect> m_effects;
   Effect* m_currentEffect;
 
+  StringMap<RefPtr<GlFrameBuffer>> m_frameBuffers;
+  RefPtr<GlFrameBuffer> m_currentFrameBuffer;
+
   RefPtr<GlTexture> m_whiteTexture;
 
   Maybe<RectI> m_scissorRect;
diff --git a/source/client/StarClientApplication.cpp b/source/client/StarClientApplication.cpp
index 2ed90ab..356421b 100644
--- a/source/client/StarClientApplication.cpp
+++ b/source/client/StarClientApplication.cpp
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ void ClientApplication::renderInit(RendererPtr renderer) {
   auto assets = m_root->assets();
 
   auto loadEffectConfig = [&](String const& name) {
-    String path = strf("/rendering/{}.config", name);
+    String path = strf("/rendering/effects/{}.config", name);
     if (assets->assetExists(path)) {
       StringMap<String> shaders;
       auto config = assets->json(path);
@@ -233,6 +233,8 @@ void ClientApplication::renderInit(RendererPtr renderer) {
       Logger::warn("No rendering config found for renderer with id '{}'", renderer->rendererId());
   };
 
+  renderer->loadConfig(assets->json("/rendering/opengl20.config"));
+
   loadEffectConfig("world");
   loadEffectConfig("interface");
 
@@ -372,6 +374,9 @@ void ClientApplication::update() {
 void ClientApplication::render() {
   auto config = m_root->configuration();
   auto assets = m_root->assets();
+  auto& renderer = Application::renderer();
+
+  renderer->switchEffectConfig("interface");
 
   if (m_guiContext->windowWidth() >= m_crossoverRes[0] && m_guiContext->windowHeight() >= m_crossoverRes[1])
     m_guiContext->setInterfaceScale(m_maxInterfaceScale);
@@ -387,28 +392,21 @@ void ClientApplication::render() {
 
   } else if (m_state > MainAppState::Title) {
     WorldClientPtr worldClient = m_universeClient->worldClient();
-
-    RendererPtr renderer = Application::renderer();
-    renderer->switchEffectConfig("world");
     if (worldClient) {
       auto totalStart = Time::monotonicMicroseconds();
-      auto start = totalStart;
-
+      renderer->switchEffectConfig("world");
+      auto clientStart = totalStart;
       worldClient->render(m_renderData, TilePainter::BorderTileSize);
-      LogMap::set("client_render_world_client", strf(u8"{:05d}\u00b5s", Time::monotonicMicroseconds() - start));
+      LogMap::set("client_render_world_client", strf(u8"{:05d}\u00b5s", Time::monotonicMicroseconds() - clientStart));
 
-      start = Time::monotonicMicroseconds();
+      auto paintStart = Time::monotonicMicroseconds();
       m_worldPainter->render(m_renderData, [&]() { worldClient->waitForLighting(); });
-      LogMap::set("client_render_world_painter", strf(u8"{:05d}\u00b5s", Time::monotonicMicroseconds() - start));
-
-      start = Time::monotonicMicroseconds();
-      m_mainInterface->renderInWorldElements();
-      LogMap::set("client_render_world_elements", strf(u8"{:05d}\u00b5s", Time::monotonicMicroseconds() - start));
-
+      LogMap::set("client_render_world_painter", strf(u8"{:05d}\u00b5s", Time::monotonicMicroseconds() - paintStart));
       LogMap::set("client_render_world_total", strf(u8"{:05d}\u00b5s", Time::monotonicMicroseconds() - totalStart));
     }
     renderer->switchEffectConfig("interface");
     auto start = Time::monotonicMicroseconds();
+    m_mainInterface->renderInWorldElements();
     m_mainInterface->render();
     m_cinematicOverlay->render();
     LogMap::set("client_render_interface", strf(u8"{:05d}\u00b5s", Time::monotonicMicroseconds() - start));
diff --git a/source/core/StarJsonBuilder.cpp b/source/core/StarJsonBuilder.cpp
index 6084c40..6355666 100644
--- a/source/core/StarJsonBuilder.cpp
+++ b/source/core/StarJsonBuilder.cpp
@@ -127,7 +127,6 @@ void JsonStreamer<Json>::toJsonStream(Json const& val, JsonStream& stream, bool
     stream.endArray();
   } else if (type == Json::Type::Object) {
     stream.beginObject();
-    List<String::Char> chars;
     if (sort) {
       auto objectPtr = val.objectPtr();
       List<JsonObject::const_iterator> iterators;
@@ -142,10 +141,8 @@ void JsonStreamer<Json>::toJsonStream(Json const& val, JsonStream& stream, bool
         if (!first)
           stream.putComma();
         first = false;
-        chars.clear();
-        for (auto const& c : i->first)
-          chars.push_back(c);
-        stream.objectKey(chars.ptr(), chars.size());
+        auto ws = i->first.wideString();
+        stream.objectKey(ws.c_str(), ws.length());
         stream.putColon();
         toJsonStream(i->second, stream, sort);
       }
diff --git a/source/rendering/StarTilePainter.cpp b/source/rendering/StarTilePainter.cpp
index d0a7e5a..40b3de6 100644
--- a/source/rendering/StarTilePainter.cpp
+++ b/source/rendering/StarTilePainter.cpp
@@ -124,25 +124,32 @@ size_t TilePainter::TextureKeyHash::operator()(TextureKey const& key) const {
 }
 
 TilePainter::ChunkHash TilePainter::terrainChunkHash(WorldRenderData& renderData, Vec2I chunkIndex) {
-  XXHash3 hasher;
+  //XXHash3 hasher;
+  static ByteArray buffer;
+  buffer.clear();
   RectI tileRange = RectI::withSize(chunkIndex * RenderChunkSize, Vec2I::filled(RenderChunkSize)).padded(MaterialRenderProfileMaxNeighborDistance);
-
   forEachRenderTile(renderData, tileRange, [&](Vec2I const&, RenderTile const& renderTile) {
-      renderTile.hashPushTerrain(hasher);
-    });
+    //renderTile.hashPushTerrain(hasher);
+    buffer.append((char*)&renderTile, offsetof(RenderTile, liquidId));
+  });
 
-  return hasher.digest();
+  //return hasher.digest();
+  return XXH3_64bits(buffer.ptr(), buffer.size());
 }
 
 TilePainter::ChunkHash TilePainter::liquidChunkHash(WorldRenderData& renderData, Vec2I chunkIndex) {
-  XXHash3 hasher;
+  ///XXHash3 hasher;
   RectI tileRange = RectI::withSize(chunkIndex * RenderChunkSize, Vec2I::filled(RenderChunkSize)).padded(MaterialRenderProfileMaxNeighborDistance);
+  static ByteArray buffer;
+  buffer.clear();
 
   forEachRenderTile(renderData, tileRange, [&](Vec2I const&, RenderTile const& renderTile) {
-      renderTile.hashPushLiquid(hasher);
-    });
+    //renderTile.hashPushLiquid(hasher);
+    buffer.append((char*)&renderTile.liquidId, sizeof(LiquidId) + sizeof(LiquidLevel));
+  });
 
-  return hasher.digest();
+  //return hasher.digest();
+  return XXH3_64bits(buffer.ptr(), buffer.size());
 }
 
 TilePainter::QuadZLevel TilePainter::materialZLevel(uint32_t zLevel, MaterialId material, MaterialHue hue, MaterialColorVariant colorVariant) {
diff --git a/source/rendering/StarWorldPainter.cpp b/source/rendering/StarWorldPainter.cpp
index 7bcbb45..e033ee1 100644
--- a/source/rendering/StarWorldPainter.cpp
+++ b/source/rendering/StarWorldPainter.cpp
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ void WorldPainter::render(WorldRenderData& renderData, function<void()> lightWai
   m_environmentPainter->renderSky(Vec2F(m_camera.screenSize()), renderData.skyRenderData);
   m_environmentPainter->renderFrontOrbiters(orbiterAndPlanetRatio, Vec2F(m_camera.screenSize()), renderData.skyRenderData);
 
+  m_renderer->flush();
+
   if (lightWaiter) {
     auto start = Time::monotonicMicroseconds();
     lightWaiter();